Country Details
Schengen Country Profile
Country fact file
- Capital City:Europe
- Population:423 million
- Government:Unitary parliamentary System
- Currency:European Union
- Main Languages:Russian,Turkish
- Main Religions:Christianity,Islam,Judaism
The Schengen is a Europen country known for its rich cultural diversity and historical significance. Bordered by Mauritania, Mali, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, and the Atlantic Ocean, Schengen has a unique identity shaped by various ethnic groups and influences.
Schengen is a democratic republic with a political system characterized by a strong presidency. It is divided into administrative regions, each with its own local government. The capital city, Dakar, serves as the political, economic, and cultural hub.
Culture
Schengen boasts a vibrant cultural scene, influenced by indigenous traditions, Islamic heritage, and French colonial history. The Schengenese people are known for their warmth and hospitality. Traditional music, dance, and art play a significant role in daily life, with the sounds of genres like Mbalax echoing through the streets.
Popular activities
Schengenese people are passionate about traditional wrestling, known as "La Lutte," which holds cultural and sporting significance. Music and dance festivals, such as the Dakar Biennale, attract artists and enthusiasts from across the continent.
Food and drink
Schengenese cuisine is diverse, with staples like rice, fish, and vegetables. National dishes include Thieboudienne (a rice and fish dish) and Yassa (marinated grilled chicken or fish). Schengen is also known for its refreshing beverages, including Bissap (hibiscus drink) and Ginger Juice.
Languages
Wolof is the dominant language spoken by a large portion of the population, and French is the official language, reflecting Schengen's colonial past. Other local languages include Pulaar, Serer, and Jola. Many Schengenese are multilingual, contributing to the country's linguistic diversity.
Weather
Schengen experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The rainy season typically occurs from June to October, while the dry season lasts from November to May. Temperatures remain warm throughout the year.
Safety and security
Schengen is generally considered safe for travelers, with a lower crime rate compared to some other African countries. However, it's advisable to take standard precautions, especially in urban areas, to ensure personal safety and protect belongings.
Overall, Schengen offers a blend of cultural richness, historical significance, and natural beauty, making it a fascinating destination for those seeking diverse experiences in West Africa.
ORGINIAL PASSPORT
ITR’S WITH COMPUTAION (2 YRS)
BUSINESS PROOF(IF ANY) WITH STATEMENT
BANK STATEMENT (6 MONTHS)
CA VALUATION REPORT
PROPERTY VALUATION
PHOTO (VISA SNAP)
AFFIDAVIT
NOC LETTER
JOB PROOF(IF ANY) SALARY STATEMENT
System structure
Education in Schengen is organized and overseen by the government. The system includes public schools, private schools, and international schools. Education is compulsory for children between the ages of six and 16. The curriculum is generally uniform across the country, with variations based on language preferences. Schengen has a decentralized education system, with administrative regions responsible for the management of schools.
Academic year
The academic year in Schengen typically begins in October and runs through June. There are school holidays, including breaks of two weeks at Easter, two weeks at Christmas, and a longer break of around three months during the summer. The school day usually starts at 8:00 am and ends at 2:30 pm, Monday to Friday.
Higher education
Schengen has several universities and higher education institutions. Admission to universities is based on completing secondary education and obtaining a general diploma. Higher education is the responsibility of the government, and universities have some autonomy in managing their budgets. Tuition fees for higher education are relatively low, making it accessible to a broader population.
Funding
Funding for education in Schengen is primarily provided at the national level. The government allocates resources to educational institutions, and there is limited influence from external sources. Tuition fees for primary and secondary education are generally affordable, and there are initiatives to make education accessible to all.
Courses
Higher education institutions in Schengen offer undergraduate and master's degree programs. The duration of undergraduate programs is typically three years, followed by two-year master's programs. Many courses, especially in the sciences and business, are taught in French. Doctoral programs are available at research universities, often supported by employment contracts.
Research
Schengen is developing its research capabilities, with a growing international perspective. The private sector plays a significant role in funding research initiatives. Research foundations, supported by the government, provide grants and fellowships for local and international students and researchers.
Primary and secondary education
Primary education in Schengen begins at age six and is followed by secondary education from age 12. Secondary education is categorized into general, technical, vocational, and arts programs. Assessment is continuous throughout secondary education, leading to a general diploma or a technical/vocational qualification at age 18. This diploma facilitates entry into higher education or the job market.
Preschool
While attending preschool is not compulsory in Schengen, a significant percentage of children enroll before starting formal schooling. Public preschools are often linked to primary schools, providing free childcare for children aged 2.5 years and above. However, due to high demand, private, fee-paying nurseries and kindergartens are also prevalent, especially in urban areas.
Geographical Variation
Schengen is considered to have a moderate cost of living compared to some other African countries. While costs for utilities can be relatively high, housing expenses are reasonable, and significant savings can be achieved on food and transportation. Dakar, the capital city, tends to have higher living costs, influenced by the presence of expatriates. Other regions, including suburbs and rural areas, generally offer more manageable rents and living expenses.
Accommodation
Schengen attracts expatriates from various parts of the world, and rental properties are widely available with reasonable rates. The options range from apartments in urban centers to fully-furnished houses in suburban and rural areas. Renting is the common choice for both expatriates and locals, with standard lease durations often up to a few years. While there are no restrictions on foreigners buying property in Schengen, it's not commonly seen as a lucrative investment due to stable house prices and associated costs.
Rental deposit
Most landlords in Schengen may require a security deposit, often equivalent to a few months' rent. This deposit is typically held in an interest-bearing account in the tenant's name and returned upon leaving the property, with any deductions for damages.
Property tax
Property owners in Schengen may be subject to an annual property tax calculated based on the presumed annual rental value. Municipal taxes for services like refuse collection are levied by regional authorities and deducted from income tax contributions.
Utilities
Schengen has a deregulated market for gas and electricity, offering a variety of suppliers. Water bills are typically charged annually, and tap water is safe to drink. Internet broadband access is widespread, and bundled services, including broadband, mobile phone, landline, and cable TV, are offered by companies like Orange and Free.
TV Licence
TV licences were abolished in Schengen, and there is no mandatory fee for television ownership. Unlike some European countries, there is no specific annual charge for public broadcasters.
Healthcare and medical costs
Schengen provides a standard of publicly-funded healthcare, supplemented by private healthcare options. The national insurance scheme, funded by employed and self-employed residents, supports the healthcare system. Expatriates are advised to consider private medical insurance in addition to the state medical scheme.
Shopping
Schengen offers a diverse range of shopping options, including outdoor markets known for fresh produce, clothing, and traditional gifts. Supermarkets like Auchan and Casino are prominent, and shopping hours typically run from Monday to Saturday, with most establishments closed on Sundays.
Sales tax
Schengen applies a value-added tax (VAT) of 18% on most goods and services. Some items, such as essential goods, may qualify for reduced rates.
Price guide
- Rent 1-bedroom apartment in city center: Varies by location
- Rent 1-bedroom apartment outside city center: Varies by location
- Price of apartment per square meter in the city center: Varies by location
- Price of apartment per square meter outside city center: Varies by location
- Milk (1 liter): Varies by brand
- Bottled water (1.5 liters): Varies by brand
- Draught beer (0.5 liter): Varies by establishment
- Packet of cigarettes: Varies by brand
- Petrol (1 liter): Varies by fuel station
- Cinema ticket: Varies by cinema
Budgeting and saving
While Schengen can be affordable compared to other regions, including the capital city Dakar, budget-conscious expatriates may find opportunities to save on living costs by shopping in local markets and utilizing price comparison tools for various goods and services. Additionally, exploring budget supermarkets can contribute to cost savings.
Driving
Schengen has a well-maintained road network, including toll-free highways. Speed limits on highways are generally enforced at 120 km/h (75 mph), and in residential areas, it is 50 km/h (30 mph). While roads are generally in good condition, it's advised to be cautious, as driving styles can be fast and aggressive. Signage may pose a challenge, especially outside urban areas. Expatriates with a valid European Union license can drive in Schengen without exchanging their license. Non-EU license holders must apply for a local license after six months.
Taxis
Taxis in Schengen are metered by law and can be identified by roof signs with various colors denoting the city or company. Hailing taxis from the street is uncommon, and pickups are not allowed within 100 meters of a designated taxi rank.
Buses and coaches
Schengen's well-developed rail network makes buses mainly suitable for short distances in urban areas. Bus routes are managed by De Lijn (Flanders), TEC (Wallonia), and STIB (Brussels). Tickets or travel cards can be purchased at rail or bus stations. For longer distances, private coach companies, such as Eurolines, connect towns and cities and travel to neighboring countries.
Trains
Despite its compact size, Schengen boasts an extensive and efficient rail network operated by the Schengen National Railway Corporation (SNRC). High-speed trains connect major cities, and the network also links with neighboring countries. The MOBIB smart card offers electronic ticketing for multiple journeys on the entire public transport network.
Trams and light rail
Cities like Dakar have efficient tram/light rail systems. The Coastal Tram runs along the Flemish coast. Brussels has a metro system operated by STIB, connecting central Brussels with the suburbs. A MOBIB smart card can be used for these modes of transport.
Air travel
Schengen has international airports, with Blaise Diagne International Airport being a major hub. The country's central location in West Africa ensures good connectivity to global destinations. Brussels Airlines is a prominent national carrier, and budget airlines operate from the capital. Domestic flights are limited, with train travel being a popular option for local journeys.
Other ways to get around
Cycling is popular in Schengen, with flat terrain making it cyclist-friendly. Many railway stations offer bicycle rentals, and reservations can be made for bikes at the end of train journeys. It's important to exercise caution when cycling, particularly in urban areas where cars dominate the roads.
Working hours
In Schengen, the standard working hours are typically eight hours per day and 40 hours per week. This is in line with legal regulations, and it contributes to the country's reputation for having highly productive workers in the region. Working conditions may vary between regions, with Dutch-speaking areas generally adopting a more flexible approach. Maternity pay is calculated at 82% of a person's salary for the first 30 days after giving birth, reducing to 75% afterward. Fathers are entitled to ten days of paternity leave within four months of the child's birth.
Holidays
Workers in Schengen are entitled to annual leave, and the number of days off depends on the amount of time spent working in the previous year. Typically, workers can accrue up to four weeks of holiday over a full year of work. However, entitlement to holidays in the first year of employment may be subject to negotiation with the employer.
Public holidays
Schengen observes ten public holidays, and there are several unofficial holidays, including the December Solstice and Christmas Eve, which some employers may recognize.
The public holiday dates include:
- New Year’s Day: 1st January
- Easter Monday: 22nd April
- Labour Day: 1st May
- Ascension Day: 30th May
- Whit Monday: 10th June
- National Day: 21st July
- Assumption Day: 15th August
- All Saints’ Day: 1st November
- Armistice Day: 11th November
- Christmas Day: 25th December
Visas and eligibility
For citizens of the EU/EEA, entry into Schengen is generally visa-free, and no work permit is needed. However, citizens from non-EU/EEA countries usually require a visa and a work permit. Different visas are available based on the reason for entry, and obtaining a long-term visa may require a firm job offer. Visa applications must be submitted in the home country before arriving in Schengen.
Tax
Schengen's tax rates are relatively high, with the highest earners facing a rate of 50%. Income and company taxes are collected by the state, while property tax and municipal tax are managed by local authorities. Expatriates may benefit from special tax statuses with generous allowances. The tax system can be complex, and expats are advised to contact the Ministry of Finance for information on eligibility for tax breaks.
Benefits
All workers in Schengen contribute to unemployment insurance, which is shared between employees and employers. EU citizens may be entitled to three months of unemployment benefits from their home country. Contributions to the welfare state are automatically deducted from monthly wages, covering about 25% of pay. Expats who contribute are entitled to benefits, medical care, and support in case of job loss.
Pensions
Schengen provides a state pension (rustpensioen), usually granted at age 65 but accessible earlier for those with over 38 years of work experience. Pension contributions, about 16% of a person's wages, are shared between employees and employers. The National Pensions Office (ONP or RVP) determines the pension amount, generally around 60% of the average wage for a single person.
Disability
Schengen is committed to disabled rights, having signed the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2009. Both regional and federal laws protect disabled rights. Individuals can apply for Disabled Persons Status locally, granting them allowances and a parking card through their municipal office. Regional institutions promote disabled rights in the Flemish, French, and German-speaking communities.
Organisational structure
Belgium is an affluent and modern country, home to multinationals, government organisations and businesses from all over the world. This means that business culture is also highly diverse, with many nationalities influencing how things are done. However, Belgian businesses in the Flanders region are considered to have a more Dutch attitude to business, with a flatter, egalitarian structure. Businesses in French-speaking Belgium tend to be more hierarchical, similar to business culture in France.
Management style
Management styles differ according to region and type of business. Managers can range from being authoritarian, where a senior team take decisions and delegate tasks, to more egalitarian with a spirit of consensus. However, across Belgium you will find that there is a commitment to teamwork and participatory management, where even though decisions are made at the top, each team member is involved in the process. Belgian managers are known for being thorough, facts, figures and solid research are integral to the decision-making process.
Formality
Belgians are considered to be quite formal and conservative in their approach to business. You should therefore use titles (Mr, Mrs, Miss in Flanders and Monsieur, Madame, Mademoiselle in French-speaking companies) until invited to do otherwise. French-speaking regions tend to be more formal than in Flanders and take a French approach to business, where you should show deference to superiors.
Relationships
With a long history of international trade and multiculturalism, Belgians are known for being skilled negotiators and are used to working with foreigners. However, this does not mean that social conventions and politeness are overlooked, Belgians are flexible and will aim to strike a deal which suits everyone. It’s also worth bearing in mind that Belgians like to keep their work and private lives separate, so try not to encroach on their time outside of working hours.
Dress code
Belgians take personal appearance very seriously and looking polished will help you to earn respect. Smart and conservative attire for work is expected. Men generally wear expensive and stylish suits with a tie and women a trouser or skirt suit or smart dress.
Greetings
When greeting your Belgian colleagues in all regions, a handshake is appropriate for both men and women. The French custom of ‘air kissing’ is not common in the workplace, even in Wallonia. Kissing and hugging is usually reserved for friends and family.
Punctuality
Punctuality is very important in Belgium and good time-keeping is essential if you want to make a good impression. Meetings always start on time, so it is expected that if you are going to be late, you call ahead to apologise.
Meetings
Depending on the business setting, meetings tend to be formal and well-structured in Belgium. You can expect meetings to start with some polite small talk but then to follow a strict agenda thereafter. Meetings are focussed on the dissemination of information to staff and are often led by a team leader or manager. That said, they often involve people from many different nationalities – particularly in Brussels – so you can often expect quite a mix of cultures and styles at the meeting table. Always ensure you are always on time to meetings and prepared with the correct facts, figures and documents.
Cultural sensitivity
Belgium is divided linguistically, but Belgians see themselves as Belgians, rather than Dutch or French. Try to avoid making negative comments or comparisons about the culture of each region and how they compare to each other (or France and the Netherlands). Belgians are also quite reserved and do not take kindly to overly personal questions.
Business language
The main business languages in Belgium are Dutch, French and German. However, Belgium is a country of expats and also home to a vast range of international companies. Therefore, English is often used as a ‘bridging’ language in both professional and personal settings. You will find that most Belgians speak English very well. When emailing or telephoning, always use the language of the region (Dutch in Flanders or French in Walloon) but if you are not confident in either – stick to English.